The monophyly and evolution of Cynara was investigated using ITS sequence data. Parsimony analysis supports the monophyly of Cynara sensu lato, i.e. including the distinctive taxa C. humilis and C.
Satyrium is a morphologically anomalous genus. Although clearly a member of the terrestrial orchid subfamily Orchidoideae, its phylogenetic relationships within the subfamily are uncertain.
Figure 1: Fossils relevant to early jawed-vertebrate evolution derive from major fossil sites in North America and Europe, and increasingly China and Australia. Crown-, total- and stem-group concepts ...